Data Types in Python (int, float, str, etc.)

Data types are an important concept in programming as they determine the type of values that can be stored in variables and the operations that can be performed on those values. In Python, there are several built-in data types, including integers (int), floating-point numbers (float), strings (str), and others. Understanding the different data types and their properties is crucial for writing efficient and effective code.

The integer data type (int) is used to store whole numbers. Integer values can be positive, negative, or zero. In Python, you can declare an integer by assigning a whole number to a variable. For example:

x = 10
y = -5

In this example, the variables x and y are assigned the values 10 and -5, respectively. These values are both integers, and they can be used in arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

The floating-point data type (float) is used to store numbers with decimal points. Floating-point values can also be positive, negative, or zero. In Python, you can declare a floating-point number by assigning a decimal number to a variable. For example:

x = 10.5
y = -2.8

In this example, the variables x and y are assigned the values 10.5 and -2.8, respectively. These values are both floating-point numbers, and they can be used in arithmetic operations, just like integers.

The string data type (str) is used to store sequences of characters, such as words or sentences. In Python, you can declare a string by enclosing a sequence of characters in single or double quotes. For example:

x = "Hello, World!"
y = 'This is a string'

In this example, the variables x and y are assigned the values "Hello, World!" and "This is a string", respectively. These values are both strings, and they can be concatenated (combined) with the + operator.

In addition to integers, floating-point numbers, and strings, Python also has several other built-in data types, including lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries.

Lists are used to store ordered collections of values. Lists are declared by enclosing values in square brackets, separated by commas. For example:

x = [10, 20, 30, 40]
y = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

In this example, the variables x and y are assigned the values [10, 20, 30, 40] and ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'], respectively. These values are both lists, and they can be indexed (accessed by position) and manipulated in various ways.

Tuples are similar to lists, but they are immutable, meaning that the values they contain cannot be changed once they are assigned. Tuples are declared by enclosing values in parentheses, separated by commas. For example:

x = (10, 20, 30, 40)
y = ('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')

In this example, the variables x and y are assigned the values (10, 20, 30, 40) and ('apple', 'banana', 'cherry'), respectively. These values are both tuples, and