Operators in Python (arithmetic, comparison, etc.)

Operators are symbols that perform operations on values in a programming language. In Python, there are several types of operators, including arithmetic, comparison, assignment, logical, and bitwise operators. Understanding these operators and how to use them is a crucial aspect of programming in Python.

Arithmetic operators perform mathematical operations on values. The most commonly used arithmetic operators in Python are + (addition), – (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), % (modulus), and ** (exponentiation). For example:

x = 10
y = 5
z = x + y # z = 15
z = x - y # z = 5
z = x * y # z = 50
z = x / y # z = 2.0
z = x % y # z = 0
z = x ** y # z = 100000

In this example, the variables x, y, and z are assigned the values 10, 5, and the result of various arithmetic operations, respectively. The + operator adds two values, the – operator subtracts one value from another, the * operator multiplies two values, the / operator divides one value by another, the % operator returns the remainder after division, and the ** operator raises one value to the power of another.

Comparison operators compare two values and return a Boolean value (True or False) based on the comparison. The most commonly used comparison operators in Python are == (equal to), != (not equal to), > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater than or equal to), and <= (less than or equal to). For example:

x = 10
y = 5
z = x == y # z = False
z = x != y # z = True
z = x > y # z = True
z = x < y # z = False
z = x >= y # z = True
z = x <= y # z = False

In this example, the variables x, y, and z are assigned the values 10, 5, and the result of various comparison operations, respectively. The == operator returns True if two values are equal and False otherwise, the != operator returns True if two values are not equal and False otherwise, the > operator returns True if one value is greater than another and False otherwise, the < operator returns True if one value is less than another and False otherwise, the >= operator returns True if one value is greater than or equal to another and False otherwise, and the <= operator returns True if one value is less than or equal to another and False otherwise.

Assignment operators assign values to variables. The most commonly used assignment operator in Python is = (equal to). For example:

x = 10
y = 5
z = x

In this example, the variable x is assigned the value 10, the variable y is assigned the value 5, and the variable z is assigned the value of x (10).

Logical operators perform logical operations on Boolean values. The most commonly used logical operators in Python are and, or, and not. For example:

x = True
y = False
z = x and y # z = False
z = x or y # z = True
z = not x # z = False

In this example, the variables x, y, and z are assigned the values True, `False